Egypt doesn't currently impose specific mandatory vaccination requirements for most travelers arriving directly from most countries, though this can depend on your travel history and country of departure, so it's worth checking current entry requirements rather than assuming.
General pre-trip advice
Beyond entry requirements, being up to date on routine vaccinations — the kind recommended for travel generally — and consulting a doctor or travel health clinic four to six weeks before departure is standard, sensible advice for any international trip, Egypt included.
A travel health clinic can advise on anything specific to your itinerary and health history, which is more useful than generic guidance, since individual circumstances vary more than a general list can account for — see Is Travel Insurance Necessary for a Nile Cruise? for the related question of medical coverage abroad.